shivaji maharaj painting
*** शिवाजी राजे ***
Shivaji Bhosale I (Marathi pronunciation:c. 1627/1630 – April 3, 1680) was an Indian warrior-king and a member of the
Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the chhatrapati (emperor) of his realm at Raigad
.
Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, Sultanate of Golkonda and Sultanate of Bijapur, as well as European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi language and Sanskrit, rather than the Persian language, in court and administration.
Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, but he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.
Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in what is now Pune district. Scholars disagree on his date of birth. The Government of Maharashtra lists 19 February as a holiday commemorating Shivaji's birth (Shivaji Jayanti). Shivaji was named after a local deity, the goddess Shivai.Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates.His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed, a Mughal-aligned sardar claiming descent from a Yadav royal family of Devagiri.
At the time of Shivaji's birth, power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golkonda. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir (fiefdom) at Pune and his small army.
| Shivaji maharaj | |
|---|---|
 | |
Shivaji's portrait (1680s) in the British Library | |
 1st Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire | |
| Reign | 1674–1680 |
| Coronation | 6 June 1674 (first) 24 September 1674 (second) |
| Successor | Sambhaji |
| Born | 19 February 1630 Shivneri Fort, Shivneri, Ahmadnagar Sultanate (present-day Maharashtra, India) |
| Died | 3 April 1680 (aged 50) Raigad Fort, Raigad, Maratha Empire (present-day Maharashtra, India) |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | |
| House | Bhonsle |
| Father | Shahaji |
| Mother | Jijabai |
| Religion | Hinduism |
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